Submarines in the Dardanelles
(December 13, 1914 - January 1916)
A British sailor on board of E14 somewhere on the Marmara Sea
(Central News)
(...) A submarine sailing on the surface can be targeted formidably. If she is submerged, aiming with attention and care, man has to fire at the pipe shaped part fitted with the mirror-like device. If the submarine fires a torpedo at your ship (when the torpedo is fired, then on the side from which it comes, it leaves a thick trace), immediately and at high speed, passing by the torpedo, sail towards the submarine and drop anchor on her. If in this way the anchor catches the propeller or rudder, then it immobilizes the submarine. (...)
Instruction of the Ottoman Inspectorate of Sea Mines and Costal Fortifications, released on January 31, 1915 and concerning the means of observation and fighting against submarines.
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Perfect proof that some Turkish soldiers put the instruction quoted above into practice - the E11’s periscope hit by a small artillery shell. (L’Illustration) |
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Emeraude (pictured left) gave the name for the whole class of French submarines. One of her sister ships, Saphir, was sunk in the Dardanelles on January 15, 1915. (Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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The crew of French submarine Saphir (lost on January 15, 1915) in Turkish captivity. (Harp Umumi Panoraması) |
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The funeral of Saphir's chief Bône was used by the Ottoman propaganda. The ceremony was done by the Greek pope and three members of the crew were present. (Harp Mecmuası) |
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A plate and some other objects from Saphir exposed in Naval Museum in Beşiktaş, Istanbul. (Photo: Piotr Nykiel) |
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Another submarine of “Emeraude” class lost by the French in the Dardanelles was Turquoise. She was captured by the Turks on October 30, 1915 and renamed as Müstecip Onbaşı. (Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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Turquoise in the dry dock at Golden Horn in Istanbul, shortly after she was captured. (Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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E15 soon after she grounded near Cape Kepez on April 17, 1915. (Internet) |
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E15’s conning tower soon after she grounded near Cape Kepez on April 17, 1915. Note the hole made by a 15 mm shell from Dardanos Battery. (Internet) |
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E15 soon after she grounded near Cape Kepez on April 17, 1915. The arrow shows the hit scored by Dardanos Battery. This hit has killed the submarine’s commander Lt. Comdr. Theodore Stuart Brodie and made the ship’s return to deep waters impossible. The officer in fez taking notes (to the right) is the German commander of Fort Anadolu Hamidiye Cpt. Fritz Wossidlo. (Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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B6 (Hopkins Coll. R. Perkins - Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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Torpedo loading on B6 (Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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B11 (Abrahams & Sons - Piotr Nykiel's collection) |
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E11 returning from her first patrol on the Sea of Marmara. (Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport) |
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E11 returning from her first patrol on the Sea of Marmara. (L’Illustration) |
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Remains of one of two torpedoes which fired by E11 at Turkish tug Kısmet missed the target and exploded on the shore. Now exposed in Naval Museum in Beşiktaş, Istanbul. (Photo: Piotr Nykiel) |
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Remains of the other torpedo which fired by E11 at Turkish tug Kısmet missed the target and exploded on the shore. Now exposed in Naval Museum in Beşiktaş, Istanbul. (Photo: Piotr Nykiel) |
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The commander of the AE2, Lt. Cdr. H. H. G. D. Stoker (to the right) and two other officers in captivity. (Harp Umumi Panoraması) |
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A British submarine attacked by an Ottoman plane on the Marmara Sea, near Bolayir. (Piotr Nykiel’s collection) |
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